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In this regard, Alfred Mahan, author of In The Influence of Sea Power Upon History ( On the influence of maritime power on history ) Points out that every major power must have a modern fleet, naval bases in the Pacific and the Caribbean. Military reasonsĭavid Fidlehouse (1981, quoted by Hawksley) argues that one reason for expansion is the value of these new territories as strategic military bases.
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These materials allowed to expand the European market. African territories, for example, provided rubber, copper and gold while colonies in Asia generated cotton. 3- Obtaining raw materialĬolonies were seen as sources of raw material. The British East India Company is an example of this.
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In this sense, the imperialist force takes advantage of the new territories to expand markets and generate new investment fields. 2- Obtaining economic benefitsĪnother cause of imperialism is the pursuit of economic benefits through the creation of markets for economic exchange in the colonies, which involved interaction between the state and private companies.
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The imperialist nations moved on this occasion showed little or no respect for the peoples whom they submitted, which were generally used as slaves. The desire to acquire territories to exploit the riches that exist in him is one of the reasons that gave origin to the imperialism of century XV and XVI. Among the causes of imperialism proposed by Hawksley, the most relevant are: 1- The exploitation of territories According to Atkinson (1902), imperialism was the result of nationalism, patriotism, militarism, religious fervor (mainly of Christianity) and capitalism, and their relentless pursuit of economic advantages.įor his part, Charles Hawksley establishes a relation between types of imperialism and the motives that give rise to each of these.įor Hawksley, there are five varieties of imperialism: exploitation, private trade, expansion, administration, and international administration. Several authors have debated the causes of imperialism. However, this independence was only political since they continued economically and still continue to depend on the powers. In this phase, the use of armies was the key to subjugate the native peoples.įinally, neo-colonialism or neo-imperialism began around 1945 For this year, most of the colonies had become independent. During this period, the merchant powers not only exploited the territories of the American continent, but also became their rulers. Mercantile capitalism was followed by colonialism. The discovery of America in 1492 gave rise to mercantile capitalism The main characteristic of this period was the exploitation of the riches of the American territory at the hand of the main merchant nations of Europe, like Spain and England. Mercantile capitalism refers to the stage of imperialism that began in the sixteenth century, after the"discovery"of America. Some historians often divide imperialism into phases or epochs: mercantile capitalism, colonialism and, finally, neocolonialism or neo-imperialism.